Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies

fa مقایسهٔ اثربخشی آموزش بخشایش و آموزش شفقت ‌به‌ خود بر تعارضات زناشویی زنان زخم‌خورده از خیانت زناشویی Comparing the Effects of Forgiveness and Self-Compassion Training on Marital Conflicts in Females Facing Marital Infidelity روانشناسی Psychology مقاله پژوهشی اصیل Original Research Article زمینه و هدف: تداوم زندگی مشترک پس از تجربهٔ بی‌وفایی، نیازمند مواجهه با خشم و احساسات منفی همسر آسیب‌دیده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسهٔ اثربخشی آموزش بخشایش و آموزش شفقت ‌به ‌خود بر تعارضات زناشویی زنان زخم‌خورده از خیانت زناشویی شهرستان بیرجند انجام شد. روش‌بررسی: این مطالعه از نوع نیمه‌تجربی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون و پیگیری همراه با گروه گواه بود. جامعهٔ پژوهش را زنان خیانت‌دیدهٔ مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز مشاوره و مددکاری شهرستان بیرجند در سال ۱۳۹۷ تشکیل دادند. نمونهٔ پژوهش ۵۲ نفر از زنان خیانت‌دیده بودند که به‌شیوهٔ نمونه‌گیری در‌دسترس به‌صورت هدف‌مند انتخاب شدند. سپس در دو گروه آزمایش آموزش بخشایش (۱۶ نفر) و آموزش شفقت‌ به‌ خود (۱۸ نفر) و یک ‌گروه گواه (۱۸ نفر) قرار گرفتند؛ این افراد پیش از مداخله، یک هفته پس از مداخله و سه ماه بعد از مداخله، مقیاس تعارضات زناشویی (اگمان و همکاران، ۱۹۸۵) را تکمیل کردند. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخهٔ ۲۱ و تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر در سطح معناداری ۰٫۰۵ تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد، تعارض زناشویی در طول زمان در دورهٔ مداخله تا پیگیری در حال تغییر بوده است و بین سه گروه آموزش بخشایش، آموزش شفقت به خود و گواه تفاوت معنادار وجود دارد (۰٫۰۰۱>p). بین نمرهٔ تعارض زناشویی در گروه آموزش شفقت ‌به‌ خود و گروه آموزش بخشایش (۰٫۰۰۶=p) و همچنین بین گروه آموزش شفقت ‌به ‌خود با گروه گواه (۰٫۰۰۱>p) تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد؛ اما بین گروه بخشایش و گروه گواه تفاوت معناداری دیده نمی‌شود (۰٫۰۰۱=p). نتیجه‌گیری: آموزش شفقت ‌به‌ خود به‌عنوان رویکردی کارآمد و مداخله‌ای متمرکز بر خودپذیری، بیشتر از آموزش بخشایش می‌تواند در کاهش تعارضات زناشویی زنان زخم‌خورده از خیانت که مایل به بهبود روابط با همسر خود هستند، مؤثر باشد. <div style="text-align: justify;">Background & Objectives: Infidelity is among the most destructive abuses experienced in a relationship, defined as "having sexual relationships with someone other than a regular spouse or sexual partner." Studies suggested that marital infidelity is the main cause of marital dissatisfaction and conflicts as well as disputes in couples. The constant conflicts between couples increase the psychological pressure imposed on both parties. Forgiveness is a psychological construct and therapeutic approach to communication problems and marital conflicts of spouses. In addition to forgiveness–based therapy, compassion–based cognitive therapy is a method to help individuals further develop an intimate relationship with themselves. Couple therapists consider marital infidelity as the most difficult problem to treat concerning marital problems. Thus, comparing different approaches can be effective in developing an integrated intervention in this respect. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of forgiveness and self–compassion training on reducing conflicts between women who encountered marital infidelity. Methods: This was a quasi–experimental study with pretest–posttest–follow–up and a control group design. The research population consisted of women who encountered marital infidelity referring to counseling and assistance centers in Birjand City, Iran, in 2018. The study sample consisted of 52 individuals who were divided into two experimental groups of forgiveness training (n=16) and self–compassion training (n=18) and a control group (n=18) and selected by purposive sampling method. The inclusion criteria of the study were as follows: being married; having experienced marital infidelity during the last two years, and no receipt of previous psychological interventions. The exclusion criteria of the research were unwillingness to continue cooperation with the study, and the existence of obvious mental health disorders (these criteria were screened through the participants' self–declaration). The study participants completed the Marriage Conflict Scale (Eggeman et al., 1985) before and after the intervention and three months later.  The research intervention was performed using the forgiveness training package and self–compassion training package. Forgiveness training was developed by Park (2003) based on the 4 steps of the enlightenment forgiveness process model, including anger expression, resentment, decision making, and anger relief, i.e., performed in twelve 60–minute sessions. Self–Compassion Training was designed by Gilbert (2005) in twelve 90–minute sessions that teach empathy, compassion, acceptance and tolerance, responsibility, and a sense of worth. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at the significance level of p<0.05. Results: Investigating the interactive effect of independent variables revealed that marital conflict scores have changed over time from pre–intervention to follow–up. Besides, there was a significant difference between the three groups of forgiveness, compassion, and control in this respect (p<0.001). The significance of the effect of the independent variable (group) highlights that the group variable presented a significant effect on the mean values of marital conflict; the mean scores of marital conflict significantly varied between the three research groups (p<0.001). The Bonferroni posthoc test data suggested a significant difference in the scores of marital conflict between the two groups of compassion and forgiveness (p=0.006), as well as between the compassion and control groups (p<0.001); however, there was no significant difference between the forgiveness and control groups in this regard (p=1.000). Conclusion: The present research data indicated that the effectiveness of self–compassion training was higher than that of the self–forgiveness training on marital conflicts. Therefore, using self–compassion as a useful and effective intervention can be profitable in reducing the marital conflicts of women experiencing marital infidelity.</div> بخشایش, شفقت ‌به‌ خود, تعارضات زناشویی, خیانت, زنان. Forgiveness, Self–Compassion, Marital conflicts, Infidelity, Women. 192 192 http://jdisabilstud.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2173-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Behnaz Zaal بهناز ذال behnazzaal@gmail.com 100319475328460052084 100319475328460052084 No Department of Psychology, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی Ali Arab علی عرب aliarab@edpsy.usb.ac.ir 100319475328460052085 100319475328460052085 Yes Psychology Department, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان Gholam Reza Sanagouye-Moharer غلامرضا ثناگوی محرر reza.sanagoo@gmail.com 100319475328460052086 100319475328460052086 No Department of Psychology, Zahedan Branch, Islamic Azad University گروه روان‌شناسی، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی