Effectiveness of Efficient Parenting Model on Parent-Child Relationship and Parental Sense of Competence in Divorced Mothers

Ghanbari, Shohreh; Bayanfar, Fatemeh; Taher, Mahboobe

Volume 13 - Articles-1402 MEJDS (2023) 13: 52 | Back to browse issues page

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Ghanbari S, Bayanfar F, Taher M. Effectiveness of Efficient Parenting Model on Parent-Child Relationship and Parental Sense of Competence in Divorced Mothers. MEJDS 2023; 13 :52-52
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-3070-en.html

Effectiveness of Efficient Parenting Model on Parent-Child Relationship and Parental Sense of Competence in Divorced Mothers

Shohreh Ghanbari¹

, Fatemeh Bayanfar ^*²

, Mahboobe Taher³

1- PhD Student in Psychology, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
2- Assistant Professor of Psychology Department, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
3- Assistant Professor of Psychology Department, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran

Abstract: (847 Views)

Abstract
Background & Objectives: Mothers are vulnerable to divorce and may face a range of challenges that negatively impact their mental health. These may include heightened levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. Mothers have a greater influence on children's development due to spending more time with them; Therefore, the stress of the mother has an impact on her interaction with the child. Divorced mothers face unique challenges, including increased risk of exhaustion and emotional distress, due to the added responsibilities of taking care of children, managing household affairs, and overseeing their children's education; Therefore, mothers feel that they are not enough to take care of their children and for this reason, they feel unworthy. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the effective parenting model on the parent–child relationship and parental sense of competence in divorced mothers.
Methods: This study was semi–experimental and was conducted with a pre–test–post–test design with two control and experimental groups. The statistical population of this research included divorced mothers with teenage children who referred to counselling and psychology centers in Tehran. Among the statistical population, 30 qualified volunteers were randomly entered into the study and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (each group includes 15 people). The criteria for entering participants to the research include: being a divorced mother; having a teenage child; having at least a diploma level of education; not participating in other therapeutic interventions at the same time. Exclusion criteria were absenteeism more than out of three sessions and non–observance of group therapy rules. Both groups completed the Parent–Child Relationship Scale (Fine et al., 1983) and Parental Sense of Competence Scale (Gibaud–Wallston & Wandersman, 1978) in the pre–test and post–test stages. The effective parenting training program was implemented in the experimental group as a 90–minute session and every session once a week, But the control group did not receive any treatment plan. Data analysis was carried out in two parts: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. At the level of descriptive statistics of frequency, mean, and standard deviation and inferential statistics, analysis of covariance was used. Data analysis was done in SPSS software version 24, and the significance level of the tests was considered to be 0.05.
Result: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the variables of the parent–child relationship (positive emotions, hate and loss of role, identity and communication) (p<0.001) and parental sense of competence (p<0.001) between the experimental and control groups in the post–test, after removing the effect of the pre–test; Also, effective parenting training was able to increase positive emotions by 41%, identity by 86%, communication by 69%, and hate and loss of role by 63%. Also, effective parenting training increased the parental sense of competence by 79%.
Conclusion: This research showed that teaching the efficient parenting model to divorced mothers is suitable for improving the parent–child relationship and increasing the parental sense of competence.

Keywords: Effective parenting model, Parent–child relationship, Parental sense of competence, Divorced mothers

Full-Text [PDF 575 kb] (318 Downloads)

Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Psychology

References

1. Widmer ED, Kempf N, Sapin M, Galli-Carminati G. Family beyond parents? an exploration of family configurations and psychological adjustment in young adults with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil. 2013;34(1):207–17. [DOI]

2. Cable G. Fathers experiences of single parenting [Thesis for MSc]. [South Africa]: University of the Western Cape; 2017.

3. Hald GM, Ciprić A, Øverup CS, Štulhofer A, Lange T, Sander S, et al. Randomized controlled trial study of the effects of an online divorce platform on anxiety, depression, and somatization. J Fam Psychol. 2020;34(6):740–51. [DOI]

4. Ghamari Givi H, Khoshnoodniay Chomachaei B. Comparison of social skills, mental health and academic performance in children with divorced, divorcing and intact parents. Family Research. 2015;12(1):69–92. [Persian] [Article]

5. Rosenberg M, Guttmann J. Structural boundaries of single-parent families and children’s adjustment. J Divorce. 2001;36(1–2):83–98. [DOI]

6. Baumrind D. The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. The Journal of Early Adolescence. 1991;11:56-95. [DOI]

7. Abedini Baltork M, Mir Shamsi FS. Correlation between resilience and mental health with lifestyle and parenting styles of veterans’ spouses a case study of Ardakan city. Iran J War Public Health. 2019;11(3):161–7. [Persian] [DOI]

8. Baumrind D. Effective parenting during the early adolescent transition. In: Cowan PA, Hetherington EM; editors. Family transitions. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; 1991.

9. Yahyazadeh H, Hamed M. Issues and interventions of children of divorce in Iran: a meta-analysis of articles. Journal of Woman and Family Studies. 2015;3(2):91–120.

10. Alyanak B, Kılınçaslan A, Harmancı HS, Demirkaya SK, Yurtbay T, Vehid HE. Parental adjustment, parenting attitudes and emotional and behavioral problems in children with selective mutism. J Anxiety Disord. 2013;27(1):9–15. [DOI]

11. Rostami S, Toozandehjani H, Nejat H. The comparison of the effectiveness of parent-child interaction training and Adler-Dreikurs parenting training on improving the quality of the parent-child relationship in divorced mother’s children. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. 2019;11(3):46–55. [Persian] [DOI]

12. O’Connell LK, Davis MM, Bauer NS. Assessing parenting behaviors to improve child outcomes. Pediatrics. 2015;135(2):e286–8. [DOI]

13. Aslani K, Hatefnia K, Shiralinia K. Predicting aggression in children according to mental health and dimensions of violence against mothers. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2014;25(130):164–8. [Persian] [Article]

14. Khanjani Z, Peymannia B, Hashemi T. Predicting the quality of mother-child interaction with anxiety disorders in primary school children based on Iranian mothers’ cultural characteristics. New Thoughts on Education. 2016;12(2):239–60. [Persian] [Article]

15. Loutzenhiser L, Mcauslan P, Sharpe DP. The trajectory of maternal and paternal fatigue and factors associated with fatigue across the transition to parenthood. Clinical Psychologist. 2015;19(1):15–27. [DOI]

16. Finzi-Dottan R, Dayan-Gazith E, Borosh T, Golubchik P. Involvement and warmth of fathers with mental illness: the role of the caregiving system, parental self-efficacy, social support and child characteristics. Community Ment Health J. 2016;52(8):972–82. [DOI]

17. Hassall R, Rose J, McDonald J. Parenting stress in mothers of children with an intellectual disability: the effects of parental cognitions in relation to child characteristics and family support. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2005;49(6):405–18. [DOI]

18. Gilmore L, Cuskelly M. Factor structure of the parenting sense of competence scale using a normative sample. Child Care Health Dev. 2009;35(1):48–55. [DOI]

19. Sabatelli RM, Waldron RJ. Measurement issues in the assessment of the experiences of parenthood. J Marriage Fam. 1995;57(4):969. [DOI]

20. Johnston C, Mash EJ. A measure of parenting satisfaction and efficacy. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology. 1989;18(2):167–75. [DOI]

21. Skreitule-Pikse I, Sebre S, Lubenko J. Child behavior and mother-child emotional availability in response to parent training program: moderators of outcome. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2010;5:1418–24. [DOI]

22. Mosley SD. Effects of evidence-based Adlerian parent education on culturally diverse parents in Georgia [PhD dissertation]. Capella University; 2018.

23. Kennedy SC, Kim JS, Tripodi SJ, Brown SM, Gowdy G. Does parent–child interaction therapy reduce future physical abuse? a meta-analysis. Res Soc Work Pract. 2016;26(2):147–56. [DOI]

24. McVittie J, Best AM. The impact of Adlerian-based parenting classes on self-reported parental behavior. J Individ Psychol. 2009;65(3):264–85.

25. Fine MA, Moreland JR, Schwebel AI. Long-term effects of divorce on parent–child relationships. Dev Psychol. 1983;19(5):703–13. [DOI]

26. Gibaud-Wallston J, Wandersman LP. Parenting Sense of Competence Scale [Internet]. 1978. [DOI]

27. Hosein Khanzadeh A, Mirzaei Kootanaei F. The role of family cohesion and parent-child interaction in students' self-esteem. New Thoughts on Education. 2017;13(1):115–36. [Persian] [Article]

28. Rashid Kh, Hosseini Nazarlou M. Investigating the effect of sex education on enhancing parents’ sexual knowledge and their sense of competence. Instruction and Evaluation. 2017;10(37):143–62. [Persian] [Article]

29. Khojasteh-Mehr R, Fallahi-Khoshkhnab M, Hajjari S, Sodani M. Parenting after divorces: a qualitative research. J Res Behav Sci. 2017;15(2):239–45. [Persian] [Article]

30. Zinali M. Teaching parenting methods to divorced mothers with children with learning disabilities [Master's thesis]. [Tehran]: Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch; 2014.

31. Yamaguchi R, Randel B. Evaluation of an on-line parenting and divorce course: effects of parent knowledge and skills among court-mandated parents of divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage. 2021;62(6):431–49. [DOI]

32. Laumann GM. The impact of a school-based intervention program on the divorce adjustment of latency-aged children: an evaluation of the rainbows program [PhD dissertation]. [Illinois, US]: University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign; 2002.

33. Akinboye JO. Correlates of testing time, age and sex in the Nigerians' performance on the torrance test of creativity. Journal of Psychological Researches. 1982;26(1):1–5.

34. Jones TL, Prinz RJ. Potential roles of parental self-efficacy in parent and child adjustment: a review. Clin Psychol Rev 2005;25(3):341–63. [DOI]

35. Mohammadpanah Ardakan A, Bakefayat F, Shafiezade R. Effect of child-rearing education on the formation of self-restraint on parenting self-efficacy in mothers. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2020;7(1):31–40. [Persian] [Article]

36. Bodenmann G, Cina A, Ledermann T, Sanders MR. The efficacy of the triple P-Positive parenting program in improving parenting and child behavior: a comparison with two other treatment conditions. Behav Res Ther. 2008;46(4):411–27. [DOI]