1- Science and Arts university
Abstract: (448 Views)
Background & Objective: Divorce often puts parents against each other and these changes in the married couple affect the mental health of the children. Parental divorce has many negative consequences in the short and long term. Compared to children from non-divorced families, both children and adolescents show more internalizing and externalizing problems, lower academic achievement, or more attachment insecurity in the short term. In the long term, parental divorce as a negative factor causes various psychological problems for children in adulthood. Furthermore, on average, adult children of divorce have less intimate adulthood, lower well-being, higher divorce rates, poorer marital quality, less positive parent-child relationships, and more insecure attachment styles and more negative internalizing thoughts in adulthood. They show the case of intimate relationships. Facing marital conflicts and instability often has negative consequences for children. Several mechanisms are likely responsible. Seeing open conflict between parents is a direct stressor for children. Observational studies show that children react to conflict between parents with fear, anger, or inhibition of normal behavior. Unfortunately, in today's world, divorce is increasing day by day, and more children have to adapt to the new style and distance of parents from each other. Divorced children have many psychological and behavioral problems, and it seems very necessary to pay attention to the treatment of these children. Anxiety can lead to more psychological problems and mood problems in the future of these children. Considering the various treatments that have been done for these children so far, no study has been conducted to investigate the effect of direct transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain on the anxiety of divorced children. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on the anxiety of children with divorced families.
Methods: This research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Among children aged 8 to 11 years with divorced families referring to the psychiatric clinics of Isfahan city, 30 qualified volunteers were included in the study with available sampling method, 15 of them were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 15 to the intervention group. They were included in the control group. Anxiety variable scores were compared using the children's version of the Spence Anxiety Questionnaire (Spence, 1997) at two time points before and after transcranial direct curret stimulation. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 17 software and covariance analysis. The significance level of the tests was 0.05.
Results: Data analysis showed that the score of the anxiety questionnaire in children with divorced families in the intervention group and after receiving direct electrical stimulation decreased significantly compared to the control group (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the brain is a tool for inducing neural flexibility and modulating the function of the cerebral cortex by applying a weak direct current to the skull. It is a non-invasive neurodelineation technique that can reduce bilateral polarity-dependent changes in subcortical regions. This work can act as a stimulant or inhibitor of brain activity in the desired areas. In particular, anodic stimulation can increase the excitability of such regions, while cathodic stimulation decreases it. In addition, the electric current applied by direct transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain can modulate the membrane potential level as well as the firing rate of cortical neurons. The effects of transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the brain can be permanent. The duration of such effects is a function of the duration and amount of current applied. In general, the findings related to the simultaneous activity of the prefrontal, amygdala and striatum regions are consistent with functional imaging evidence in emotion regulation, and therefore neurotransmitter modulation created in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can lead to changes in this circuit and improve emotion regulation. and regulate the mood in such a way that the anodic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the left hemisphere leads to the improvement and strengthening of positive mood and the cathodic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the right hemisphere leads to the weakening of the negative mood and as a result reducing anxiety. The results of this study showed that it seems that direct transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain can be used as a treatment to improve the anxiety of children with divorced families.
Methods: This research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Among children aged 8 to 11 years with divorced families referring to the psychiatric clinics of Isfahan city, 30 qualified volunteers were included in the study with available sampling method, 15 of them were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 15 to the intervention group. They were included in the control group. Anxiety variable scores were compared using the children's version of the Spence Anxiety Questionnaire (Spence, 1997) at two time points before and after transcranial direct curret stimulation. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 17 software and covariance analysis. The significance level of the tests was 0.05.
Results: Data analysis showed that the score of the anxiety questionnaire in children with divorced families in the intervention group and after receiving direct electrical stimulation decreased significantly compared to the control group (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the brain is a tool for inducing neural flexibility and modulating the function of the cerebral cortex by applying a weak direct current to the skull. It is a non-invasive neurodelineation technique that can reduce bilateral polarity-dependent changes in subcortical regions. This work can act as a stimulant or inhibitor of brain activity in the desired areas. In particular, anodic stimulation can increase the excitability of such regions, while cathodic stimulation decreases it. In addition, the electric current applied by direct transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain can modulate the membrane potential level as well as the firing rate of cortical neurons. The effects of transcranial direct electrical stimulation of the brain can be permanent. The duration of such effects is a function of the duration and amount of current applied. In general, the findings related to the simultaneous activity of the prefrontal, amygdala and striatum regions are consistent with functional imaging evidence in emotion regulation, and therefore neurotransmitter modulation created in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can lead to changes in this circuit and improve emotion regulation. and regulate the mood in such a way that the anodic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the left hemisphere leads to the improvement and strengthening of positive mood and the cathodic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the right hemisphere leads to the weakening of the negative mood and as a result reducing anxiety. The results of this study showed that it seems that direct transcranial electrical stimulation of the brain can be used as a treatment to improve the anxiety of children with divorced families.
Type of Study: Original Research Article |
Subject:
Rehabilitation
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