Comparing the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Therapy Based on Self-compassion With Mindfulness Based on Cognitive Therapy on Weight Self-efficacy and Food Cravings in Overweight Women

Hajirostam, Azam; Golparvar, Mohsen; Khayatan, Flor

Volume 12 - Articles-1401 MEJDS (2022) 12: 134 | Back to browse issues page

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Hajirostam A, Golparvar M, Khayatan F. Comparing the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Therapy Based on Self-compassion With Mindfulness Based on Cognitive Therapy on Weight Self-efficacy and Food Cravings in Overweight Women. MEJDS 2022; 12 :134-134
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-2603-en.html

Comparing the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Therapy Based on Self-compassion With Mindfulness Based on Cognitive Therapy on Weight Self-efficacy and Food Cravings in Overweight Women

Azam Hajirostam ^*¹

, Mohsen Golparvar²

, Flor Khayatan³

1- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch
2- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan)
3- Adult Health Department, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Abstract: (859 Views)

Background & Objectives: Being overweight is a chronic, common, and debilitating disorder that is a risk factor for many diseases. In this regard, it is important to pay attention to some of the structures associated with weight loss. One of the structures involved in successful weight loss is weight self–efficacy. Determining the level of self–efficacy of people seeking weight loss treatment to initiate and maintain changes in eating habits can be a goal for early intervention in behavioral programs. Weight self–efficacy can affect food cravings by influencing the effort to succeed in a weight loss program. Researchers believe that the role of craving in maintaining addictive behaviors is intriguing, and therefore, craving for food is an important factor in treating eating problems. Thus, psychological interventions can improve weight self–efficacy and food cravings. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness based on self–compassion with mindfulness based on cognitive therapy on weight self–efficacy and food cravings in overweight women.
Methods: The research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest design and a 3–month follow–up. The study population consisted of overweight women living in Isfahan who were referred to control and weight loss centers in 2020. From this community, 45 women were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and one control group. The first experimental group received mindfulness training based on self–compassion in 8 weekly 60–minute sessions and the second experimental group participated in 8 weekly 60–minute sessions of mindfulness based on cognitive therapy. The control group was on the waiting list during this period. The inclusion criteria were as follows: a personal desire to participate in the research, overweight women (body mass index greater than 25), placement in the age range of 18–65 years, not suffering from acute or chronic mental disorders (by conducting an initial interview), not using simultaneous psychological treatments (by conducting an initial interview), not taking psychiatric drugs for the past three months (by conducting an initial interview), not suffering from physical diseases (by conducting an initial interview). The exclusion criteria were as follows: drug and alcohol consumption, non–cooperation or unwillingness to continue the research, not completing the assignments presented in the meetings, and absence from more than two meetings. The research instruments included Weight Lifestyle Self–Efficacy Questionnaire (Clark et al., 1991) and Food Craving Questionnaire (Meule et al., 2014). After collecting the data, at the descriptive level, mean and standard deviation and at the inferential level, after examining the research assumptions, the Chi–square test, repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test were calculated and conducted in the SPSS software version 24. In the present study, the significance level of statistical tests was considered 0.05.
Results: The results showed that regarding the weight self–efficacy variable, the time factor, the group factor, and the interaction between time and group were significant (p<0.001). Regarding the variable of food craving, the time factor was significant (p<0.001). Nevertheless, the interaction factor of time and group (p=0.160) and group factor (p=0.770) were not significant. In the weight self–efficacy variable, there was a significant difference between the mindfulness based on self–compassion group and the control group (p<0.001) and the mindfulness based on cognitive therapy group and the control group (p=0.003). However, there was no significant difference between the two exprimental groups (p=0.170).
Conclusion: According to the results, mindfulness therapy based on self–compassion and mindfulness based cognitive therapy can improve overweight self–efficacy in overweight women, but have no effect on improving food cravings in this group.

Keywords: Overweight, Weight self–efficacy, Food cravings, Mindfulness based on self–compassion, Mindfulness based on cognitive therapy

Full-Text [PDF 523 kb] (300 Downloads)

Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Psychology

References

1. Kyrou L, Randeva HS, Tsigos C, Kaltsas G, Weickert MO, Feingold KR, et al. Clinical problems caused by obesity. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, Chrousos G, de Herder WW, Dhatariya K, et al; editors. Endotext. South Dartmouth, (MA): MDText.com, Inc; 2018.

2. Cercato C, Fonseca FA. Cardiovascular risk and obesity. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2019;11(1):74. [DOI]

3. Sobol-Goldberg S, Rabinowitz J. Association of childhood and teen school performance and obesity in young adulthood in the US national longitudinal survey of youth. Prev Med. 2016;89:57–63. [DOI]

4. Assar Kashani H, Roshan R, Khalaj A, Mohammadi J. A study on the alexithymia and body image in the obese, over-weight and normal weight subjects. Health Psychology 2012;1(2):70–80. [Persian] [Article]

5. Schulz BR, McDonald M. Weight loss self-efficacy and modelled behavior: gaining competence through example. Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy. 2011;45(1):53–67.

6. Mohseni Teklo M, Khezri Moghadam N. Asar Bakhshiye mosahebye angizeshi bar ezterab emtehan danesh amoozan dokhtar maghta aval dabirestan [The effectiveness of motivational interviewing on the test anxiety of female students in the first year of high school]. In: Conference on pathology, rooting and restoration in psychology [Internet]. Shiraz; 2013. [Persian]

7. Bandura A. Social cognitive theory for personal and social change by enabling media. In: Singhal A, Cody MJ, Rogers EM, Sabido M; editors. Entertainment-education and social change: history, research, and practice. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publisher; 2004.

8. Baker TB, Morse E, Sherman JE. The motivation to use drugs: a psychobiological analysis of urges. Nebr Symp Motiv. 1986;34:257–23.

9. Veilleux JC, Skinner KD. Smoking, food, and alcohol cues on subsequent behavior: a qualitative systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2015;36:13–27. [DOI]

10. Alberts HJEM, Thewissen R, Middelweerd M. Accepting or suppressing the desire to eat: investigating the short-term effects of acceptance-based craving regulation. Eat Behav. 2013;14(3):405–9. [DOI]

11. Kachooei M, Ashrafi E. Exploring the factor structure, reliability and validity of the food craving questionnaire- trait in Iranian adults. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. 2016;23(5):631–48. [Persian] [Article]

12. Weingarten HP, Elston D. The phenomenology of food cravings. Appetite. 1990;15(3):231–46. [DOI]

13. Cepeda-Benito A, Gleaves DH, Williams TL, Erath SA. The development and validation of the state and trait food-cravings questionnaires. Behav Ther. 2000;31(1):151–73. [DOI]

14. Hill AJ, Weaver CFL, Blundell JE. Food craving, dietary restraint and mood. Appetite. 1991;17(3):187–97. [DOI]

15. Kemps E, Tiggemann M. Approach bias for food cues in obese individuals. Psychology & Health. 2015;30(3):370–80. [DOI]

16. Pandita A, Sharma D, Pandita D, Pawar S, Kaul A, Tariq M. Childhood obesity: prevention is better than cure. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2016;83–9. [DOI]

17. Garner DM, Wooley SC. Confronting the failure of behavioral and dietary treatments for obesity. Clin Psychol Rev. 1991;11(6):729–80. [DOI]

18. Jeffery RW, Epstein LH, Wilson GT, Drewnowski A, Stunkard AJ, Wing RR. Long-term maintenance of weight loss: current status. J Health Psychol. 2000;19(1, Suppl):5–16. [DOI]

19. Nauta H, Hospers H, Jansen A. One-year follow-up effects of two obesity treatments on psychological well-being and weight. Br J Health Psychol. 2001;6(3):271–84. [DOI]

20. Stahre L, Hällström T. A short-term cognitive group treatment program gives substantial weight reduction up to 18 months from the end of treatment. A randomized controlled trial. Eat Weight Disord. 2005;10(1):51–8. [DOI]

21. Stahre L, Tärnell B, Håkanson CE, Hällström T. A randomized controlled trial of two weight-reducing short-term group treatment programs for obesity with an 18-month follow-up. Int J Behav Med. 2007;14(1):48–55. [DOI]

22. Hollon SD. Does cognitive therapy have an enduring effect? Cognit Ther Res. 2003;27(1):71–5. [DOI]

23. Ghaderi Javid S, Gholamrezaie S, Rezaie F. Effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy on reduction perceived stress and eating disorder in students with eating disorder symptoms. The Journal of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. 2016;27(9):801–10 [Persian] [Article]

24. Rahimian Boogar A, Besharat MA. The effect of group mindfulness-based stress reduction program on the severity of fibromyalgia. Contemporary Psychology. 2013;17(2):15–28. [Persian] [Article]

25. Crane R. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: distinctive features. Khoshhahje Sedgh. (Persian translator). Tehran: Besat Pub; 2013. [Persian]

26. Masuda A, Hill ML. Mindfulness as therapy for disordered eating: a systematic review. Neuropsychiatry. 2013;3(4):433–47.

27. Lotfi Kangarshahi A, Dehghani Arani F, Rostami R, Ashraf Talesh SH, Abolhasani M. Comparing efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on activity increasing and weight decreasing in obese individuals with coronary artery stenosis. Health Psychology. 2019;8(3):53–78 [Persian] [Article]

28. Alamout MM, Rahmanian M, Aghamohammadi V, Mohammadi E, Nasiri K. Effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy on weight loss, improvement of hypertension and attentional bias to eating cues in overweight people. Int J Nurs Sci. 2020;7(1):35–40. [Persian] [DOI]

29. Mousavian N, Moradi AR, Mirzaei J, Shidfar F, Mahmoudi Kahriz B, Taheri F. Asar bakhshiye shenakht darmani mobtani bar zehn agahi dar kaheshe chaghi [Effectiveness of mindfulness on weight loss]. Thought and Behavior in Clinical Psychology. 2010;4(16):49–57. [Persian]

30. Carrière K, Khoury B, Günak MM, Knäuper B. Mindfulness-based interventions for weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis: mindfulness interventions for weight loss. Obes Rev. 2018;19(2):164–77. [DOI]

31. Mousavi SA, Bahrami F, Hosseini Fard H, Pour Hosein R, Jafarian M. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on the body image in men with overweight and obesity. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi 2019;8(3):175–86 [Persian] [Article]

32. Shabib Asl N, Alinaghilou Sh. Moghayese ebghaye tasire darman shenakhti raftari gorouhi va shenakht darmani gorouhi mobtani bar zehn agahi bar kaheshe stress, ezterab, afsordegi va vazn afrad chagh dar peygiri yek mahe [Comparison of maintaining the effect of group cognitive-behavioral therapy and group cognition from a subjective point of view on the reduction, pressure, impact and weight of people after one month]. In: 5th International Research Conference in Psychology, Counseling and Educational Sciences [Internet]. Ahvaz: Azad University; 2018. [Persian]

33. Haji Rostam A. Compilation of self-compassion-based mindfulness package and comparing its effectiveness with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy package on body image dissatisfaction, weight self-efficacy, food cravings, emotional eating and body mass in overweight women [PhD dissertation]. [Isfahan, Iran]: Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan); 2020. [Persian]

34. Taherpour M, Sohrabi A, Zemestani M. Effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on depression, anxiety, stress and weight self-efficacy in patients with eating disorder. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2019;26(4):505–13 [Persian] [Article]

35. Gilbert P. Introducing compassion-focused therapy. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2009;15(3):199–208.

36. Gilbert P. The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. Br J Clin Psychol. 2014;53(1):6–41. [DOI]

37. Hübinger C. Runoff modelling and assessment of treatment wetland performance using a triangular form based multiple flow algorithm [Thesis for MSc]. [Lund, Sweden]: Lund University; 2019.

38. Jordan CH, Wang W, Donatoni L, Meier BP. Mindful eating: trait and state mindfulness predict healthier eating behavior. Pers Individ Dif. 2014;68:107–11. [DOI]

39. Gilbert D, Waltz J. Mindfulness and health behaviors. Mindfulness. 2010;1(4):227–34. [DOI]

40. Moor KR, Scott AJ, McIntosh WD. Mindful eating and its relationship to body mass index and physical activity among university students. Mindfulness. 2013;4(3):269–74. [DOI]

41. Delavari A, Forouzanfar MH, Alikhani S, Sharifian A, Kelishadi R. First nationwide study of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and optimal cutoff points of waist circumference in the Middle East: the national survey of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases of Iran. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(6):1092–7. [DOI]

42. Santonja FJ, Morales A, Villanueva RJ, Cortés JC. Analysing the effect of public health campaigns on reducing excess weight: a modelling approach for the Spanish autonomous region of the community of Valencia. Eval Program Plann. 2012;35(1):34–9. [DOI]

43. Kinge J, Morris S. The impact of childhood obesity on health and health service use: an instrumental variable approach. Health Economics Research Network at the University of Oslo. 2015;2. [DOI]

44. Clark MM, Abrams DB, Niaura RS, Eaton CA, Rossi JS. Self-efficacy in weight management. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1991;59(5):739–44. [DOI]

45. Clark MM, King TK. Eating self-efficacy and weight cycling: a prospective clinical study. Eat Behav. 2000;1(1):47–52. [DOI]

46. Navidian A, Abedi M, Baghban I, Fatehizadeh M, Poursharifi H. Reliability and validity of the weight efficacy lifestyle questionnaire in overweight and obese individuals. Behavioral Sciences. 2009;3(3):217–22. [Persian]

47. Keshavarz A. Moghayeseye asar bakhshiye darman shenakhti-raftari, rezhim darmani va darman tarkibi bara shakhes toodeye badani (BMI), khodkaramadi vazn, behzisti zehni, ezzat nafs, aadat ghazaei va mizan oad dar moraje’eine mobtala be chaghi [Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy, diet therapy and combined therapy on body mass index (BMI), weight self-efficacy, mental well-being, self-esteem, eating habits and relapse rate in obese patients] [PhD dissertation]. [Isfahan, Iran]: Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Isfahan; 2012. [Persian]

48. Babaei S, Khodapnahi MK, Sedghpour B. Reva sazi va barrasi etebare azmoon bazkhord khordan [Validating and investigating reliability of the eating attitude test]. Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2007;1(1):61–8. [Persian]

49. Meule A, Hermann T, Kubler A. A short version of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait: the FCQ-T-reduced. Front Psychol. 2014;5:190. [DOI]

50. Vaziri A, Selehi M, Hassani-Abharian P, Shariatirad S, Mahjoub A, Dehjalali R, et al. Psychometric properties of the shortened Farsi version of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait. East Mediterr Health J. 2022;28(1):41–9. [DOI]

51. Yavari F, Aghaei A, Golparvar M. The effectiveness of “emotionally focused -meta cognitive couple therapy” and “mindfulness-based cognitive therapy” on the psychological capital of couples with hyperactive children. Journal of Health Promotion Management 2019;8(3):35–45 [Persian] [Article]

52. Kabat-Zinn J. Indra's net at work: the mainstreaming of Dharma practice in society. In: Watson G, Batchelor S, Claxton G; editors. The psychology of awakening: Buddhism, science, and our day-to-day lives. Samuel Weiser; 2000, pp. 225-249

53. Hormes JM, Rozin P. Does “craving” carve nature at the joints? absence of a synonym for craving in many languages. Addict Behav. 2010;35(5):459–63. [DOI]

54. Myers CA, Martin CK, Apolzan JW. Food cravings and body weight: a conditioning response. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2018;25(5):298–302. [DOI]