Effectiveness of Democratic Parenting Training Program on Social Interest and Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children

Motaghian , Ali; Poushaneh , Kambiz; Alizadeh , Hamid; Tajali , Parisa

Volume 14 - Articles-1403 MEJDS (2024) 14: 10 | Back to browse issues page

Research code: 101048100506131897021162779281

Ethics code: IR.IAU.CTB.REC.1402.066

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Motaghian A, Poushaneh K, Alizadeh H, Tajali P. Effectiveness of Democratic Parenting Training Program on Social Interest and Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children. MEJDS 2024; 14 :10-10
URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-3344-en.html

Effectiveness of Democratic Parenting Training Program on Social Interest and Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children

Ali Motaghian ^*¹

, Kambiz Poushaneh²

, Hamid Alizadeh³

, Parisa Tajali⁴

1- PhD Student, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Assistant Professor of Training and Counseling, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3- Professor, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
4- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: (1009 Views)

Abstract
Background & Objectives: Oppositional defiant disorder is a persistent pattern of hostile, negative, and deviant behavior associated with extensive psychosocial problems. Parental behaviors and inappropriate parenting styles can predict adverse outcomes, such as substance abuse, risky behaviors, depression, and suicide risk in children. Parenting interventions, particularly using the Adlerian approach, can be effective in reducing signs of oppositional defiant disorder. Adler's approach emphasizes that humans try to achieve their goals and have a place in society. If obstacles arise in achieving a goal, discouragement leads to behavioral problems. A sense of belonging means social interest. A decrease in social interest can lead to behavioral problems. Given the negative consequences of oppositional defiant disorder and its widespread prevalence, necessary actions to treat these children and reduce their psychological problems are crucial. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a democratic parenting education program on social interest and signs of oppositional defiant disorder in children.
Methods: The research method was quasi–experimental with a pretest–posttest and follow–up design with the control group. The statistical population comprised all students with oppositional defiant disorder in Esfarayen Cirt, Iran, in 2023. Among these children, a sample of 30 volunteers was selected by purposive sampling based on the inclusion criteria. Then, they were placed in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The inclusion criteria for the study were having oppositional defiant disorder, being aged 7 to 12 years, willingness to participate in the research, lacking other acute and chronic psychological disorders, and having parents at least a primary education level. For the experimental group, 10 democratic parenting training sessions were held in groups for five weeks, two 90–minute sessions per week. During this period, the control group did not receive any intervention. To devise the program, the qualitative research synthesis method was first used among the selected sample of 97 articles from 2010 to 2023. The themes were extracted, and the democratic parenting program was developed. For data collection, we utilized the Child Symptom Inventory (Gadow & Sprafkin, 1994) and the Social Interest Scale for Iranian Children (Alizadeh et al., 2015). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe the data and examine the research hypotheses. Descriptive statistics included mean and standard deviation. In inferential statistics, variance analysis with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to compare the means between the stages of the research. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 26. The significance level of the tests (α=0.05) was considered.
Results: Results showed that the effect of time, group, and the interaction of time and group on the scores of social interest and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder were significant (p<0.001). There was a significant difference between the scores of variables of social interest and the signs of oppositional defiant disorder in the pretest and posttest stages, as well as pretest and follow–up (p<0.05). While in the variables of social interest (p=0.098) and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (p=0.510), no significant difference was observed between the posttest and follow–up stages.
Conclusion: The democratic parenting training program leads to an increase in social interest and a reduction in the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. Therefore, it is recommended that the mentioned program be considered in the design of psychological treatments and prevention and training of parents.

Keywords: Oppositional defiant disorder, Social interest, Democratic parenting

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Type of Study: Original Research Article | Subject: Psychology

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